History of Bounty Hunting
Bounty hunting originated in England hundreds of years ago. Back in the 13th century, bail was a person, not an amount of money. An individual was designated custodian of the accused, and if the accused did not return to face his penalty, the custodian could be hanged in his place.
During colonial times, America relied upon the bail system set up by the government of England. In 1679, the British Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus Act, which for the first time guaranteed that an accused person could be released from prison on monetary bail. It stated:
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This right was later written into the U.S. Constitution. The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prohibited the setting of excessive bail, and the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the U.S. judicial court system, defined the terms for bailable offenses.
Federal bail law remained unchanged until the Bail Reform Act of 1966, which allowed the prisoner to be released with as little bail as possible to secure his or her return for trial (although the 1984 Bail Reform Act allowed the courts to hold accused persons without bail if they were deemed too dangerous for release). For more information on bail, see How Bail Works.
The bounty hunter was given broad authority starting in 1873 with the U.S. Supreme Court case, Taylor v. Taintor. The case gave bounty hunters the authority to act as agents of bail bondsmen. Bounty hunters on the trail of a bail jumper could "pursue him into another state" and, if necessary, "break and enter his house for that purpose." Today, states have their own restrictions when it comes to bounty hunting, but most states give bounty hunters the freedom to pursue and arrest bail jumpers within and across their borders.
For more information on bounty hunting and related topics, check out the links below.
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Sources
- "Bail Bond Information." Bail Bond Services.
- "Bounty Hunter." Monster Career Advice.
- Cohen, Adam. "Murders at Dawn," Time. September 15, 1997, page 91.
- Covey, Russell. "Chapman's Possible Legal Battle Underscore Perils of Bounty Hunting," CNN.com, July 11, 2003.
- Drimmer, Jonathan. "Bounty Hunter Laws."
- Foer, Franklin. "Bounty Hunters."
- "Gangsters and Outlaws." Court TV's Crime Library.
- Habeas Corpus Act
- Hamashige, Hope. "Finding Criminals is Dangerous, Sometimes Profitable, and a Good Deed." CNN Money, October 15, 2001.
- "The History of Bail Bonding," Brandy Bail Bonds, Inc.
- Interview with Bob Burton by author, March 31, 2005.
- National Institute of Bail Enforcement FAQ